A New Framework for Solving Climate Change

 For decades, the global response to climate change has been organized around two pillars: mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; adaptation seeks to manage the consequences of a changing climate. Both are necessary. Neither is sufficient.

We are now confronting a reality that demands a third pillar: repair.

This is not an argument that mitigation has failed, nor that adaptation is futile. Rather, it is an acknowledgment that the scale, persistence, and accumulated nature of climate change have transformed the problem. Climate change is no longer simply a matter of preventing further harm. It is now a matter of actively reversing damage that has already been done.

Humanity has moved from a prevention problem to an engineering problem.

Preserving Human Economic Participation Is Essential for AI Progress

 

Introduction: The Hidden Dependency

Artificial intelligence is often framed as a replacement technology—one that will gradually displace human labor across industries until machines outperform people in most economically valuable tasks. This framing, while intuitive, is incomplete.

It misses a critical structural reality:

Artificial intelligence is not independent of humanity—it is downstream of it.

A More Capable Government at Lower Cost: Rebuilding the American State Without Expanding It

 The United States does not have a spending problem in the way it is often described. It has an efficiency problem.

Each year, the federal government spends trillions of dollars across defense, healthcare, social programs, and administration. The scale of this spending has led to a persistent assumption that meaningful savings require either cutting major programs or raising taxes. But this framing misses a more fundamental issue.

The problem is not simply how much the government spends. It is how effectively that spending is converted into outcomes.

Across the federal government, inefficiencies are embedded in structure, incentives, and execution. These inefficiencies do not exist in a single place. They are distributed across agencies, contracts, processes, and policies. Taken together, they represent one of the largest untapped opportunities for fiscal improvement.

The United States can meaningfully reduce federal spending—not by shrinking the scope of government, but by making it work better.